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Job specifications, also known as man or employee specifications, is prepared on the basis of job specification.
It specifies the qualities required in a job incumbent for the effective performance of the job.
Basic contents of a job specification are as follows:
1. Personal characteristics such as education, job experience, age, sex, and extra co-curricular activities.
2. Physical characteristics such as height, weight, chest, vision, hearing, health, voice poise, and hand
and foot coordination, (for specific positions only).
3. Mental characteristics such as general intelligence, memory, judgment, foresight, ability to concentrate,
etc.
4. Social and psychological characteristics such as emotional ability, flexibility, manners, drive, conversational
ability, interpersonal ability, attitude, values, creativity etc.
Various contents of a job specification can be prescribed in three terms:
(1) Essential qualities which a person must possess;
(2) Desirable qualities which a person may possess; and
(3) Contra-indicators which are likely to become a handicap to successful job performance.
If you look at the content of a job specification, you will find that various qualities that a job incumbent
should possess may be divided into two broad categories: technical qualities and behavioral qualities.
Technical qualities consist of knowledge and skills related to ‘how a job should be performed’.
Knowledge refers to the possession of information, facts, and techniques of a particular job. Skills refer to the proficiency
required to use the knowledge to perform the job.
Generally technical qualities are job specific, that is, technical qualities which are relevant to a particular
job will not be relevant to another job if both jobs differ significantly. Behavioral qualities are not job-specific but are
of universal nature and are applicable in most of the jobs.
Normally, this would include is an analysis of the kind of person it takes to do the job, that is to say,
it lists the qualifications. Typically this would include
1. Degree of education
2. Desirable amount of previous experience in similar work
3. Specific Skills required
4. Health Considerations
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